Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing igneous, sedimentary, or even other metamorphic rocks are transformed by intense heat, extreme pressure, or chemically active fluids deep within the Earth’s crust. This process, known as metamorphism, changes the rock’s physical and chemical properties without actually melting it if the rock were to melt, it would become igneous rock instead. These rocks are generally classified into two main categories: foliated, which have a layered or banded appearance like slate and gneiss, and non-foliated, which lack layers and appear more massive, such as marble and quartzite. Because they form under such high-stress conditions, metamorphic rocks are typically very dense and durable, making them popular materials for construction and sculpture.
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